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What is Groupthink?

Groupthink

Groupthink refers to the tendency of individuals in a group to make irrational or similar decisions based on the urge to conform with the group.
Definition
Daniel Wirtz
Daniel Wirtz
Co-Founder, Facilitator School
Last updated
June 14, 2024

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon where people in a group align their opinions with what they believe is the group consensus, rather than presenting their own individual views or potential disagreements. This usually stems from the desire to avoid conflict and the need to belong to a group. Such conformity can often lead to poor decision-making outcomes because it diminishes individual responsibility and critical thinking.

Identifying when groupthink is happening is crucial for making good decisions in any team setting. It often manifests as a lack of debate or challenge to ideas during a meeting. If everyone seems quickly agreeable without discussing the pros and cons, that's a red flag. Addressing groupthink involves encouraging open communication and fostering an environment where dissenting views are appreciated and considered critical for success.

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Groupthink

Why does groupthink happen?

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Groupthink occurs because individuals often feel pressure to conform to what they perceive as the group consensus. This need to belong and the fear of standing out can overpower their own judgment and lead to decisions that aren't fully thought through. The desire for harmony or conformity in a group can result in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Knowing why it happens can help facilitators to create better group dynamics.

How can you identify groupthink?

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Identifying groupthink involves noticing when there is a sudden consensus without examination of alternatives. Look out for signs like a lack of argument against the group's decision, or when dissent is discouraged or outright ignored. Observations of these behaviors can indicate that critical thinking is being compromised in favor of unity. Facilitators can use tools to encourage open discussion and ensure all team members feel safe to voice their opinions.

How can you avoid groupthink?

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Avoiding groupthink involves promoting an open and inclusive culture where dissent is not just allowed but encouraged. Techniques like anonymous voting, breaking into smaller discussion groups, or appointing a 'devil's advocate' to challenge ideas can help. Ensuring that the group has diverse viewpoints and setting clear expectations for critical evaluation during decision-making are also essential strategies.

What is an example of groupthink in a meeting?

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An example of groupthink can be seen when a meeting quickly reaches a decision with little discussion or challenge, even though there are potential flaws in the plan. For instance, a team may decide to go ahead with a project without adequately considering its feasibility or the resources required, simply because no one person wanted to raise a concern and disrupt the apparent group consensus. This often happens in high-pressure environments, where the illusion of agreement is valued over critical evaluation.

How do you address groupthink?

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Addressing groupthink involves fostering an environment where critical feedback is valued. Introducing structured decision-making processes, such as brainstorming sessions or SWOT analyses, can provide formal ways for all voices to be heard and considered. Having a facilitator guide discussions can also ensure that all opinions are considered and that the group considers various perspectives before deciding.

How does groupthink affect decision-making?

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Groupthink can significantly negatively affect decision-making, as it tends to limit the examination of alternative ideas and solutions. This can lead to poorer-quality outcomes and less innovative solutions, as it prevents the group from fully utilizing the diverse views and experiences of its members. Ensuring robust decision-making processes that encourage debate and dissent can help mitigate the risks associated with groupthink.

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